Ad Astra
M☉ Notation
Unit of measurement in
astronomy called the solar mass.
- M stands for Mass
- ☉ Astronomical Symbol/Sun
- 1 M☉, Benchmark unit
- Equal to mass of our Sun
The Sun
(NASA/ESA)
Spirograph Nebula
(NASA/ESA)
Hourglass Nebula
(NASA/ESA)
Black Dwarf
Star Classification: D (cooled)
Luminosity Classification: Low, almost none
Temperature (K) : 300
Mass: Same mass as a white dwarf; up to 1.4 M☉
Elemental Composition: Carbon, Oxygen
Description: Theoretical end state of a white dwarf after trillions of years of cooling; none exist yet.
Birth: Fully cooled white dwarf
Life: Cold, inert stellar remnant
☠️ Death: True death
Reincarnation: Black nothingness
Example: None exist yet (universe too young)
Luminosity Classes
Added to spectral types.
Indicates size & brightness:
- 0 or Ia+: Hypergiants
- I (Ia, Ib): Supergiants
- II: Bright Giants
- III: Regular Giants
- IV:Subgiants
- V: Main Sequence
- VI (sd): Subdwarfs
- D (VII): White Dwarfs
Galaxy in Orange
(Wiki Images)
Wolf-Rayet Star
(NASA/ESA)
Planetary Nebula (PN K 4-55)
(NASA/ESA)
