Ad Astra
M☉ Notation
Unit of measurement in
astronomy called the solar mass.
- M stands for Mass
- ☉ Astronomical Symbol/Sun
- 1 M☉, Benchmark unit
- Equal to mass of our Sun
The Sun
(NASA/ESA)
Spirograph Nebula
(NASA/ESA)
Hourglass Nebula
(NASA/ESA)
RRAT (Rotating Radio Transient)
Star Classification: Exotic/Remnant
Luminosity Classification: Power based
Temperature (K) : 1000000
Mass: 1.44–2.2 M☉ (up to the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Vokoff limit of ≈ 2.9 M☉)
Elemental Composition: About 95% neutrons and a small percentage of protons, electrons and iron in the crust
Description: Sporadic, short radio pulses that are only detectable for a fraction of a second at irregular intervals.
Birth: Neutron star formed in a supernova, similar to pulsars.
Life: Emits sporadic, unpredictable radio bursts instead of steady pulses; likely an extreme pulsar variant.
☠️ Death: Gradual weakening of bursts as rotation slows.
Reincarnation: May evolve into a quiet neutron star or weak pulsar.
Example: RRAT J1819−1458, RRAT J1913+1330
Luminosity Classes
Added to spectral types.
Indicates size & brightness:
- 0 or Ia+: Hypergiants
- I (Ia, Ib): Supergiants
- II: Bright Giants
- III: Regular Giants
- IV:Subgiants
- V: Main Sequence
- VI (sd): Subdwarfs
- D (VII): White Dwarfs
Galaxy in Orange
(Wiki Images)
Wolf-Rayet Star
(NASA/ESA)
Planetary Nebula (PN K 4-55)
(NASA/ESA)
