Ad Astra
M☉ Notation
Unit of measurement in
astronomy called the solar mass.
- M stands for Mass
- ☉ Astronomical Symbol/Sun
- 1 M☉, Benchmark unit
- Equal to mass of our Sun
The Sun
(NASA/ESA)
Spirograph Nebula
(NASA/ESA)
Hourglass Nebula
(NASA/ESA)
Magnetar
Star Classification: Exotic/Remnant
Luminosity Classification: Power based
Temperature (K) : 1000000
Mass: 1.44–2.2 M☉ (up to the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Vokoff limit of ≈ 2.9 M☉).
Elemental Composition: About 95% neutrons and a small percentage of protons and electrons, iron in the crust
Description: Neutron stars with extraordinarily powerful magnetic fields, up to 1,000 times stronger than standard pulsars.
Birth: Created when a massive star goes supernova and leaves behind a neutron star with an ultra‑strong magnetic field.
Life: Emits intense X‑ray and gamma‑ray bursts; magnetic field trillions of times stronger than Earth’s.
☠️ Death: Magnetic field decays; may transition into a quieter neutron star.
Reincarnation: Possible evolution into a standard pulsar or quiescent neutron star.
Example: SGR 1806−20, 1E 1048.1−5937
Luminosity Classes
Added to spectral types.
Indicates size & brightness:
- 0 or Ia+: Hypergiants
- I (Ia, Ib): Supergiants
- II: Bright Giants
- III: Regular Giants
- IV:Subgiants
- V: Main Sequence
- VI (sd): Subdwarfs
- D (VII): White Dwarfs
Galaxy in Orange
(Wiki Images)
Wolf-Rayet Star
(NASA/ESA)
Planetary Nebula (PN K 4-55)
(NASA/ESA)
