Ad Astra

M☉ Notation

Unit of measurement in
astronomy called the solar mass.

  • M stands for Mass
  • ☉ Astronomical Symbol/Sun
  • 1 M☉, Benchmark unit
  • Equal to mass of our Sun

The Sun
(NASA/ESA)


Spirograph Nebula
(NASA/ESA)


Hourglass Nebula
(NASA/ESA)

T-Type Brown Dwarf

Star Classification: T

Luminosity Classification: Low (Magenta)

Temperature (K) : 1000

Mass: 22–62.1 Jupiter masses, or below 0.075 M☉

Elemental Composition: Methane, water vapor

Description: Cooler brown dwarfs with strong methane absorption, faint in visible light.

Birth: Low-mass object unable to sustain fusion

Life: Methane-rich atmosphere; very cool

☠️ Death: Cools forever

Reincarnation: True Death (That's cold)

Example: Gliese 229B

Luminosity Classes

Added to spectral types.
Indicates size & brightness:

  • 0 or Ia+: Hypergiants
  • I (Ia, Ib): Supergiants
  • II: Bright Giants
  • III: Regular Giants
  • IV:Subgiants
  • V: Main Sequence
  • VI (sd): Subdwarfs
  • D (VII): White Dwarfs

Galaxy in Orange
(Wiki Images)

Wolf-Rayet Star
(NASA/ESA)

Planetary Nebula (PN K 4-55)
(NASA/ESA)